Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Research Articles

A Brief Discussion on the Construction of Practical Teaching System for the Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Development Major

China’s traditional medicine, science, and technology industry has great development potential. However, thereis a problem of insufficient practitioners in the current industrial development. At the same time, the capabilities of existing practitioners do not match the demand standards. Therefore, it is necessary to actively promote the education of resources and development in Central Asia. As an institution for cultivating talents, colleges and universities must establish a practical teaching system for cultivating talents. Based on the requirements put forward by China in education, this article studies the development status of the traditional Chinese medicine resources and development major, determines the talent training goals, starts from the practical teaching aspect, and locates the industry’s requirements for the capabilities of personnel in the fieldof traditional Chinese medicine. It also puts forward the overall idea of the construction of the practical teaching system, summarizes the reform content of the practical teaching system, and lastly provides the specific path of the reform.

Biomedical knowledge graph construction of Sus scrofa and its application in anti-PRRSV traditional Chinese medicine discovery

As a new data management paradigm, knowledge graphs can integrate multiple data sources and achieve quick responses, reasoning and better predictions in drug discovery. Characterized by powerful contagion and a high rate of morbidity and mortality, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a common infectious disease in the global swine industry that causes economically great losses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has advantages in low adverse effects and a relatively affordable cost of application, and TCM is therefore conceived as a possibility to treat PRRS under the current circumstance that there is a lack of safe and effective approaches. Here, we constructed a knowledge graph containing common biomedical data from humans and Sus Scrofa as well as information from thousands of TCMs. Subsequently, we validated the effectiveness of the Sus Scrofa knowledge graph by the t-SNE algorithm and selected the optimal model (i.e., transR) from six typical models, namely, transE, transR, DistMult, ComplEx, RESCAL and RotatE, according to five indicators, namely, MRR, MR, HITS@1, HITS@3 and HITS@10. Based on embedding vectors trained by the optimal model, anti-PRRSV TCMs were predicted by two paths, namely, VHC-Herb and VHPC-Herb, and potential anti-PRRSV TCMs were identified by retrieving the HERB database according to the pharmacological properties corresponding to symptoms of PRRS. Ultimately, Dan Shen's (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) capacity to resist PRRSV infection was validated by a cell experiment in which the inhibition rate of PRRSV exceeded 90% when the concentrations of Dan Shen extract were 0.004, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.032 mg/mL. In summary, this is the first report on the Sus Scrofa knowledge graph including TCM information, and our study reflects the important application values of deep learning on graphs in the swine industry as well as providing accessible TCM resources for PRRS.

[Application strategy of artificial intelligence technology in feed-based development of medicinal and edible homologous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)resources in era of the "antibiotic ban"].

In the context of the "antibiotic ban" era, the feed conversion of medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) resources is a research hotspot in the field of antibiotic alternatives development. How to develop feed products that are beneficial to agriculture and livestock while ensuring nutrient balance and precision using medicinal and edible TCM resources as raw materials has become a challenge. Artificial intelligence(AI) technology has unique advantages in feed production and improving the efficiency of intelligent breeding. If AI technology is applied to the feed development of medicinal and edible TCM resources, it is possible to realize feeding and antibiotic-replacement value while ensuring precise nutrition. In order to better apply AI technology in the field of feed development of medicinal and edible TCM resources, this article used CiteSpace software to carry out literature visualization analysis and found that AI technology had a good application in the field of feed formulation optimization in recent years. However, there is still a gap in the research on the intelligent utilization of medicinal and edible TCM resources. Nonetheless, it is feasible for AI technology to be applied to the feed conversion of medicinal and edible TCM resources. Therefore, this article proposed for the first time an intelligent formulation system framework for feed materials derived from medicinal and edible TCM resources to provide new ideas for research in the field of feed development of medicinal and edible TCM resources and the research on the development of antibiotic alternatives. At the same time, it can pave the way for a new green industry chain for contemporary animal husbandry and the TCM industry.

Animal-and mineral-based medicines in Gansu-Ningxia-inner Mongolia region, P.R. China: a cross-cultural ethnobiological assessment

Introduction: Traditional animal- and mineral-based medicines are widely used in the Gansu-Ningxia-Inner Mongolia junction zone, a region with diverse ethnic groups and cultures. This study aims to document, conserve, and explore the potential of these medicines for further research and sustainable development of ethnic medicine.Methods: We interviewed 56 informants from different ethnic backgrounds and analyzed their responses quantitatively. Additionally, a comparative analysis with adjacent regions was conducted, providing invaluable contextual insights.Results: The study unveiled a diverse array of traditional medicines in the Gansu-Ningxia-Inner Mongolia junction zone. A total of 47 animal-based medicines were identified, ranging from insects and scorpios to distinctive animal organs. Of notable significance was Moschus, emerging as a pivotal traditional Chinese medicine resource. In parallel, 12 mineral-based medicines were cataloged, procured both locally and from “pharmacies”. Female informants, frequently local herbal practitioners, demonstrated broader knowledge of medicines. The analysis of 13 villages revealed varying perceptions of medicine importance, underscoring the wealth of traditional knowledge. Specific medicines, such as Feng-Mi and Xie-Zi, were widely used and valued in local healthcare practices for their cultural and medicinal benefits.Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of traditional animal- and mineral-based medicines in the Gansu-Ningxia-Inner Mongolia junction zone. It highlights the need for preserving and applying these practices in a sustainable manner. It also lays a solid foundation for future research on ethnic medicine, which can contribute to the holistic wellbeing of local communities.

Origins and Popularization of Traditional Chinese Therapies in Argentina at the End of 20th Century: the Case of Daniel Alegre

Various resources of the so-called traditional Chinese medicine, such as taijiquan, massage, diets, or acupuncture, have become widely available in the everyday therapeutic culture of contemporary Argentina. While these resources can be found in the first half of the 20th century, it is evident that from the 1960s onward their presence is more evident, with a strong emphasis from the 1980s on. This article aims to describe the reception and popularization of body and therapeutic techniques of traditional Chinese medicine in Argentina in the 1980s through the case of Daniel Alegre, a key figure in the dissemination of Chinese therapeutic techniques. To do so, it focuses on certain key mediators in the popularization of techniques such as taijiquan and Chinese massage: teachers, promoters, and specialized magazines. All these mediators are key artifacts in the processes of massification and dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine in a broader emerging horizon associated with two simultaneous processes, the Chinese cultural transnationalization and the boom of new forms of holistic management of personal well-being.

The Anxiolytic Effect of Polysaccharides from Stellariae Radix through Monoamine Neurotransmitters, HPA Axis, and ECS/ERK/CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathway in Stress-induced Male Rats

BackgroundStellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. is renowned for its efficacy in "clearing deficiency heat" and represents a significant traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resource. Modern pharmacology has demonstrated the anti-anxiety effects of Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. polysaccharides (SDPs). SDPs are one of the active constituents of Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. This study presents the first extraction of SDPs and investigates their potential molecular mechanisms and anxiolytic effects that are not previously reported. MethodsFirst, SDPs were obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation and analyzed for their monosaccharide composition by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Male SD rats were subjected to a two-week indeterminate empty bottle stress procedure and a three-day acute restraint stress procedure, during which diazepam (DZP) (1 mg/kg) and SDPs (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, intragastrically) were administered. A number of behavioral tests, including the elevated plus maze test (EPM), the open field test (OFT) and the light/dark box test (LDB), were used to assess the anti-anxiety potential of SDPs. Serum levels of Corticosterone (CORT) and Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), as well as the levels of Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) found in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, were quantified using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In addition, protein levels of key proteins cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), phospho-CREB (p-CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ERK½, p-ERK½, and GAPDH expression in rat hippocampus were measured by Western blot analysis, and modulation of the endocannabinoid system was assessed by immunohistochemistry. ResultsFollowing administration of SDPs (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) and diazepam 1 mg/kg, anxiolytic activity was exhibited through an increase in the percentage of arm opening times and arm opening time of rats in the elevated plus maze. Additionally, there was an increase in the number of times and time spent in the open field center, percentage of time spent in the open box, and shuttle times in the LDB. Furthermore, tissue levels of DA and 5-HT were increased in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats after treatment with SDPs. In addition, SDPs significantly decreased serum levels of CORT and ACTH in rats. SDPs also effectively regulated the phosphorylation of the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and CREB-BDNF pathway in the hippocampus. Moreover, the expression levels of CB1 and CB2 proteins were heightened due to SDPs treatment in rats. ConclusionsThe study verified that SDPs alleviate anxiety in the EBS and ARS. The neuroregulatory behavior is accomplished by regulating the Monoamine neurotransmitter, HPA axis, and ECB-ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.

First report of Epicoccum latusicollum causing leaf spot on Lophatherum gracile in Jiangsu Province of China.

Lophatherum gracile Brongn. is an important Chinese herbal medicine. Since 2016, a leaf spot disease has appeared on L. gracile seedlings in the traditional Chinese medicine resource garden of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province (32.06°N, 118.83°E). About approximately 80% of the seedlings suffered from the disease. The disease spot usually starts from the leaf margin, round or irregular, with yellow halo at the edge of the lesion. To isolate the pathogen, four diseased leaves were collected from four different seedlings and there are 6 sections from each diseased leaf. The leaf sections were surface sterilized in 75% alcohol for 30 s and 1.5% NaClO for 90 s, rinsed three times in sterilized distilled water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Pure cultures were obtained by monosporic isolation. Eleven isolates were obtained (isolate rate of 55%) and identified as Epicoccum sp.. Thus, a representative isolate, DZY3-3 was used for the further study. After 7 days of culture, the colony produced white aerial hyphae, and reddish orange pigment on the underside. The chlamydospores were produced, either multicellular or unicellular. The colony produced pycnidia and conidia after nearly three weeks of cultivation on oatmeal ager OA. Conidia were unicellular, hyaline, oval, and were 4.9 to 6.4 x 2.0 to 3.3 μm (n=35). In addition, a brown discoloration was produced on malt extract agar (MEA) after using the 1 mol/L NaOH solution for 1 h. These characteristics were consistent with the description of Epicoccum sp. (Chen et al. 2017). To comfirm this identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS),large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU), beta-tubulin (TUB) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) regions were amplified using the detailed primer pairs described by White et al., Rehner and Samuels, Woudenberg et al. and Liu et al., respectively. They had 99.8-100% homology to the ITS (GenBank no. MN215613, 504/505 bp), LSU (MN533800, 809/809 bp), TUB (MN329871, 333/333 bp), and RPB2 (MG787263, 596/596 bp) sequences of E. latusicollum in the GenBank database. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was generated based on the concatenated sequences of all the above regions in MEGA7. The DZY3-3 clustered in the E. latusicollum clade with 100% bootstrap support. Koch's postulates were performed by spray inoculation (1×106 spores/mL) on the left sides of leaves of three healthy L. gracile seedlings and detached leaves, using isolate DZY3-3, while sterilized water served as the control was sprayed on the right sides of leaves. All plants and detached leaves were covered with clear polyethylene bags to maintain about 80% relative humidity at 25℃. Whether in vivo or in vitro pathogenicity test showed similar symptoms to those occurred in the field after 5 days post inoculation. No symptoms occurred on controls. The experiment was repeated three times. Subsequently, the same fungus was reisolated and identified from leaves of three inoculated seedlings. The E. latusicollum has a very wide host range. For example, it has been reported to cause stalk rot on Maize (Xu et al. 2022) and cause leaf spot on Tobacco in China (Guo et al. 2020). To our knowledge, it is the first report of E. latusicollum causing leaf spot on L. gracile in the world. This study will provide an important reference for the biology of E. latusicollum and the distribution of the disease.

[Measures for waste and by-product recycling and circular economy of whole industry chain of traditional Chinese medicine resources facing carbon peak and carbon neutrality (dual carbon) goals].

It has become a common consensus that resource conservation and intensive recycling for improving resource utilization efficiency is an important way to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual carbon). Traditonal Chinese medicine(TCM)resources as national strategic resources are the material basis and fundamental guarantee for the development of TCM industry and health services. However, the rapid growth of China's TCM industry and the continuous expansion and extension of the industrial chain have exposed the low efficiency of TCM resources. Resource waste and environmental pollution caused by the treatment and discharge of TCM waste have emerged as major problems faced by the development of the industry, which has aroused wide concern. Considering the dual carbon goals, this paper expounds the role and potential of TCM resource recycling and circular economy industry development. Taking the typical model of TCM resource recycling as the case of circular economy industry in reducing carbon source and increasing carbon sink, this paper puts forward the suggestions for the TCM circular economy industry serving the double carbon goals. The suggestions mainly include strengthening the policy and strategic leading role of the double carbon goals, building an objective evaluation system of low-carbon emission reduction in the whole industrial chain of TCM resources, building an industrial demonstration park for the recycling of TCM resources, and promoting the establishment of a circular economy system of the whole industrial chain of TCM resources. These measures are expected to guide the green transformation of TCM resource industry from linear economic model to circular economy model, provide support for improving the utilization efficiency and sustainable development of TCM resources, and facilitate the low-carbon and efficient development of TCM resource industry and the achievement of the double carbon goals.

Equity and prediction of health resource allocation of traditional Chinese medicine in China.

To analyze the equity of health resource allocation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and predict its development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and to provide a scientific basis for promoting the improvement of TCM service capacity. The Chinese Mainland (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) was divided into the Northeast, Eastern, Central and Western regions, and the number of TCM medical institutions, the number of TCM beds, practitioners (assistants) of TCM and Chinese pharmacists from 2016 to 2020 were selected as evaluation indicators, and the equity of health resource allocation of TCM was evaluated by Concentration index(CI), Theil index(T) and Health resource agglomeration degree (HRAD), and the development of health resource of TCM during the 14th Five-Year Plan period was predicted by grey prediction model GM (1,1). The Concentration index of the number of TCM medical institutions and TCM beds is negative, and the allocation tends to the regions with low economic development level. The Concentration index of practitioners (assistants) of TCM and Chinese pharmacists is positive, and the allocation tends to the regions with higher economic development level. The number of TCM medical institutions, TCM beds, practitioners (assistants) of TCM and Chinese pharmacists' Theil index allocated by geography is larger than that allocated by population, which indicates that the equity of TCM health resources allocated by population is better than that allocated by geography. The number of TCM medical institutions, practitioners (assistants) of TCM and Chinese pharmacists in between regions by population contributed more than 72% to the Theil index, indicating that the inequity mainly comes from between regions. The number of TCM medical institutions, TCM beds, practitioners (assistants) of TCM and Chinese pharmacists in within regions by geography contributed more than 80% to the Theil index, indicating that the inequity mainly comes from within regions. The HRAD in the Eastern and Central regions is greater than 1, indicating that the equity is better by geography. The HRAD in the Western region is less than 1, indicating insufficient equity by geography. The HRAD/PAD of the Central region (except for the number of TCM beds in 2020) is less than 1, indicating that it cannot meet the medical needs of the agglomerated population. The HRAD/PAD of the Western region (excluding for the Chinese pharmacists) is greater than 1, indicating that the equity is better than that of the agglomeration population. The number of TCM medical institutions and TCM beds tends to regions with low economic development levels, while the number of practitioners (assistants) of TCM and Chinese pharmacists tends to regions with high economic development levels. The equity of the allocation of TCM health resources by population is better than that by geography, and the inequity of the allocation by geography mainly comes from within region. The allocation of health resources of TCM in the four regions is different, and there is a contradiction between equity and actual medical needs.

Supply and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine services in the nine Pearl River Delta cities in the Greater Bay Area

Objective: To analyze the present situation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) service supply and utilization in 9 cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China and provide the specific suggestions for further rational allocation of TCM service resources in the 9 cities in PRD region. Methods: Excel was used to conduct a descriptive statistical analysis of the main indicators of TCM service supply and utilization from 2010 to 2019. Results: In 2019, there were 100 TCM hospitals in the nine cities of the Pearl River Delta in the Greater Bay Area, with the number (0.155) of TCM hospitals for every 100,000 people; and the numbers (0.97 in Zhuhai and 0.19 in Dongguan) of TCM hospital beds for every 1,000 people. The utilization rate of TCM hospital beds was the highest in Zhongshan (93.3%), and the lowest in Huizhou (71.9%) for 10 consecutive years. The city with the highest average daily medical visits was Foshan (4051.2). Conclusion: In Shenzhen and Zhuhai, the input of TCM service personnel and materials is large but the utilization rate is low. The supply of TCM services in Dongguan is insufficient, and there is a huge gap between the demand and the supply. Thus, it is necessary to rationally allocate TCM medical resources, increase the supply of TCM services in some areas, and improve the utilization efficiency of TCM resources.

The Development Trend of Medical Animals in the Last Ten Years: A Review.

There are many kinds of medicinal animal resources, which are an important part of traditional Chinese medicine resources (TCM). However, the use of medicinal animals in TCM, especially wild animals, has become a sensitive problem at home and abroad. Systematic analysis on the research status and direction of medical animals in the last 10 years which for promoting the sustainable development of Chinese medicine. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, VIP database and WanFang Database were selected, and SPSS 25.0 software was used to analyze annual publications, journals, global distribution, authors, coauthors and co-authors rate, author institutions and high-frequency keywords. Chinese Journal of modern Chinese medicine occupies the majority articles with a high co-authorship rate, but low impact factors. The development of medical animals around the world is not balanced. The top three countries are China, United Kingdom and United States. However, these countries have less exchanges and cooperation with each other. The Institute of TCM of Chinese Academy owns the most research achievements. At present, the hot spots involve the identification and quality of medical animals, applied basic research. The identification, quality and applied basic research of medical animals are still worthy of increasing research investment. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen exchanges and international cooperation among different countries in TCM, and promote the high-quality development in medical animals.

Advances in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally and thus imposes heavy economic burden on patients, their families, and society. Furthermore, COPD seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The concept of "overall regulation" of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of COPD. The objective of this review is to summarize the TCM theories, experimental methods, TCM extracts, active TCM ingredients, and TCM formulas for the treatment of COPD and reveal the effects and mechanisms of TCM treatments on COPD. This article reviewed literature on TCM-based treatments for COPD reported from 2016 to 2021. Relevant scientific studies were obtained from databases that included PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, Google Scholar, The Plant List, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder. This review summarized TCM-based theory, experimental methods, active ingredients, and potential toxicities, the effects of TCM extracts and formulations, and their mechanisms for the treatment of COPD. Most investigators have used in vivo models of cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide induction in rats and in vitro models of cigarette smoke extract induction. The active ingredients of TCM used for the treatment of COPD in relevant studies were triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, quinones, glycosides, and alkaloids. TCMs commonly used in the treatment of COPD include antipyretic drugs, tonic medicines, anticough medications, and asthma medications. TCM can treat COPD by suppressing inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and improving airway remodeling. This review enriches the theory of COPD treatments based on TCM, established the clinical significance and development prospects of TCM-based COPD treatments, and provided the necessary theoretical support for the further development of TCM resources for the treatment of COPD.

[Properties of new exotic traditional Chinese medicinal Vernonia amygdalina leaves:a literature research].

The leaves of Vernonia amygdalina Delile of the family Asteraceae(also known as "bitter leaf"), rich in biological activities, are used as both medicine and food for a long time in West tropical Africa. They have been introduced into Southeast Asia and Fujian and Guangdong provinces of China in recent years. However, little is known about the properties of the plant in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which limits its combination with other Chinese medicinal herbs. In this study, 473 articles on V. amygdalina leaves were selected from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP to summarize their components, pharmacological effects and clinical research. V. amygdalina leaves presented anti-microbial, hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological effects. On the basis of the theory of TCM properties, the leaves were inferred to be cold in property and bitter and sweet in flavor, acting on spleen, liver, stomach and large intestine and with the functions of clearing heat, drying dampness, purging fire, removing toxin, killing insects and preventing attack of malaria. They can be used to treat dampness-heat diarrhea, interior heat and diabetes, malaria, insect accumulation and eczema(5-10 g dry leaves by decoction per day and an appropriate amount of crushed fresh leaves applying to the affected area for external use). Due to the lack of TCM properties, V. amygdalina leaves are rarely used medicinally in China. The determination of medicinal properties of the leaves is conducive to the introduction of new exotic medicinal herbs and the development of new TCM resources, which facilitated further clinical application and research and development of Chinese medicinal herbs.

Analysis on the Allocation Status and Fairness of TCM Resources in Guizhou Province

<i>Background: </i>TCM plays an important role in ensuring people's health and developing TCM undertakings. However, some studies have shown that the current allocation of TCM and health resources in China is relatively poor, and there are few regional research literature. <i>Objective</i>: To analyze the status and fairness of TCM (Traditional Chinese medicine) resources in Guizhou Province and provide evidence-based basis for health administrative departments. <i>Methods</i>: The status of TCM resources in Guizhou and the fairness of Lorentz curve, gini coefficient and health density index. <i>Results</i>: From 2010 to 2019, The TCM and health resources in Guizhou province have increased year by year, The average annual growth rate of TCM doctors per 1,000 people and their ownership per 100 square kilometer was 13.88% and 14.43%, respectively; Regarding the Gini coefficient, By population distribution is mainly located at 0.2-0.4, By area, the distribution is mostly below 0.3, The Gini coefficient of the economic distribution showed an overall downward trend, In 2019, Chinese pharmacists had the lowest economic distribution (0.093), The highest distribution by population distribution of practicing (assistant) physicians in 2015 (0.523); In terms of density-based exponential growth, In 2019, The highest bed density in Guizhou Province (0.3506), The lowest density of mechanism number (0.0016). <i>Conclusion</i>: The resources grow overall, but the total amount is relatively small; the region is unbalanced; the fairness by economic allocation is better than allocation by population than allocation by area. Therefore, the health administrative departments perform their functions, optimize the resource structure, strengthen the layout of TCM industry, give full play to the local characteristics, and stimulate the potential of TCM and health services.

Comparative Investigation Between Raw and Stir-Frying Processed Cuscutae Semen Based on HPLC Fingerprints Coupled With Chemometric Methods.

The curative effect of Cuscutae Semen (CS) could be adjusted after stir-frying, and it is difficult to distinguish between the raw CS and stir-fried processed Cuscutae Semen (SFCS) in clinical practice. The paper aims to establish the fingerprints of raw and fried Cuscutae Semen products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) so that the compounds in raw and stir-fried products could be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. At the same time, the chemometrics method was used to evaluate the difference between CS and SFCS to provide reference for the research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) CS. The raw and SFCS products' related substances were separated on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) maintained at 30 °C (column temperature). The mobile phase comprised 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B), and a detection wavelength of 328 nm. The data were imported into statistical software for chemometric analysis. The developed HPLC method exhibits good linearity and has good systematic applicability. The content of these 12 compounds in the samples was further determined and the data analyzed by chemometrics. The results showed that the composition of CS changed on heating, and HCA showed that CS and SFCS could be clearly distinguished. PCA showed that six components caused differences, namely neochlorogenic acid, cryptophyllogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol. This study unequivocally establishes a chromatographic fingerprint method intended for the extensive analysis of raw and stir-fried processed CS, which could substantially enhance the quality control of CS and the rational development and utilization of TCM resources. This method for the simultaneous quantification of multiple compounds in CS and SFCS revealed the components responsible for the differences between raw and processed products. This will provide support for quality control of this herbal medicine.

TCM Prescription Generation via Knowledge Source Guidance Network Combined with Herbal Candidate Mechanism.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions have made great contributions to the treatment of diseases and health preservation. To alleviate the shortage of TCM resources and improve the professionalism of automatically generated prescriptions, this paper deeply explores the connection between symptoms and herbs through deep learning technology, and realizes the automatic generation of TCM prescriptions. Particularly, this paper considers the significance of referring to similar underlying prescriptions as herbal candidates in the TCM prescribing process. Moreover, this paper incorporates the idea of referring to the potential guidance information of corresponding prescriptions when model extracts symptoms representations. To provide a reference for inexperienced young TCM doctors when they prescribe, this paper proposes a dual-branch guidance strategy combined with candidate attention model (DGSCAM) to automatically generate TCM prescriptions based on symptoms text. The format of the data used this paper is the "symptoms-prescription" data pair. The specific method is as follows. First, DGSCAM realizes the extraction of key information of prescription-guided symptoms through a dual-branch network. Then, herbal candidates in the form of prescriptions that can treat symptoms are proposed in view of the compatibility knowledge of TCM prescriptions. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use prescriptions as herbal candidates in the prescription generation process. We conduct extensive experiments on a mixed public and clinical dataset, achieving 37.39% precision, 25.04% recall, and 29.99% F1 score, with an average doctor score of 7.7 out of 10. The experimental results show that our proposed model is valid and can generate more specialized TCM prescriptions than the baseline models. The DGSCAM developed by us has broad application scenarios and greatly promotes the research on intelligent TCM prescribing.

高寒条件下根际环境对极小种群大理白前竞争能力的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 高寒条件下根际环境对极小种群大理白前竞争能力的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202203270754 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 第四次全国中药资源普查(2019PC001) Effects of rhizosphere environment on the competitive ability of extremely small population of Cynanchum forrestii Schltr under alpine conditions Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources (Grant No. 2019PC001) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:大理白前(Cynanchum forrestii Schltr)是中国无危极小种群野生植物,研究高寒环境下大理白前-根际土壤系统的化学计量特征及其元素吸收,有助于解析极小种群的生存策略及其对环境的适应能力。以川西九龙县高寒草甸中的大理白前为对象,研究了其种群特征、光合色素特性、植物体和土壤的化学元素、根际土/非根际土的养分和细菌多样性。结果表明:与非根际土相比,根际土P、C/P和N/P较高而C/N较低,有机质(SOM)、全磷(TP)、全氮(TN)、速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)增加;大理白前根际土P与茎的N、C/P、N/P呈正相关,而与P、C/N呈负相关。高通量测序表明,根际土/非根际土的优势细菌包括6个类群。根际土的变形菌门、芽单胞菌门相对丰度较高,而酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门的相对丰度较低,拟杆菌门相对丰度降低了45.53%,变形菌门相对丰度增加了32.89%。RDA分析结果显示,变形菌门相对丰度与土壤C、N、P呈正相关。在高寒草甸中,大理白前株丛呈均匀分布,平均株高(27 cm)高于群落其他植物的平均水平,地上生物量占比高达41.24%,种群密度和生态位宽度较大;随着株高增加,叶面积增大,光合色素含量和Chla/Chlb先增加后下降,但比叶质量变化不大;根茎叶对土壤元素均具有富集作用,其中对Ca、Mn、Na、K、P富集能力和对P、Ca、K转移能力较强。叶的C/N、C/P和N/P高于根、茎,各器官的N/P均小于14,表明养分主要分配到根、茎且受N限制。上述结果表明,大理白前富集有益的土壤微生物以改善根际土壤养分状况,提高植物体对Ca、Mn、Na、K、P等元素的吸收和转移能力,增强抗冻和抗辐射能力,并借助株高和叶面积的优势,弥补了光合色素含量较低的缺陷,从而提高了大理白前在高寒环境中的种间竞争能力和适合度,但却加剧种内竞争,导致其株丛呈均匀分布。推测种内竞争激烈是大理白前局限分布的原因之一。 Abstract:Cynanchum forrestii Schltr, an erect perennial herb of Asclepiadaceae, is a wild plant with extremely small population(WPESP) in China. This unique plant grows in a variety of habitats such as plateau and mountain at altitudes of 1000-3500 m. The root of C. forrestii is often used as a substitute for the traditional Chinese medicine "Baiwei". In Jiulong County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, western Sichuan Province, China, this plant is confined to alpine meadows in valleys at the altitude of 3100-3500 m. The rhizosphere is a part of the soil ecosystem where plant roots, soil and the soil microorganisms interact with each other. Soil microorganisms actively participate in soil material transformation and play a leading role in nutrient cycling by influencing the transformation of mineral elements. Most of the nutrients needed of plants come from soil and enter plants through rhizosphere interaction. The chemical element characteristics of plants can reflect the supply of nutrients to the soil. The study of plant and soil stoichiometric characteristics helps to understand the growth strategies of plants and their adaptability to the environment. Investigating the stoichiometric characteristics and element enrichment of the C. forrestii-rhizosphere soil system under the alpine environment will help to analyze the survival strategies of the extremely small populations and their adaptability to the environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of rhizosphere soil nutrients and bacterial community on population characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of C. forrestii in the alpine meadow of Jiulong County by using plot and line transect sampling methods, physiological and biochemical analysis and Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that compared with the non-rhizosphere soil, the rhizosphere soil had higher P, C/P and N/P and lower C/N, and increased soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK). The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the value of N, C/P, N/P in C. forrestii stem were significantly positively correlated with the rhizosphere soil P, while the value of P and C/N were significantly negatively correlated with the rhizosphere P. High-throughput sequencing showed that the dominant bacteria in rhizosphere soil/non-rhizosphere soil included 6 groups. Compared with non-rhizosphere soil, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes in rhizosphere soil was higher, while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes was lower. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased by 45.53%, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased by 32.89%. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was positively correlated with soil C, N and P contents. The average plant height of C. forrestii was 27 cm, which was higher than the average height of other plants in the community. The proportion of above ground biomass reached 41.24%, and the population density and niche width also were larger than those of other plants. With the increase of plant height and leaf area, the photosynthetic pigment contents and Chla/Chlb raised first and then decreased, but leaf mass per area (LMA) had little change. Plants had enrichment effect on soil elements, the relatively high enrichment capacity for Ca, Mn, Na, K and P, and high transfer capacity for P, Ca, and K. Analysis of C, N, P stoichiometry showed that the C/N, C/P and N/P in C. forrestii leaves were higher than those of roots and stems, and the N/P of each organ was less than 14, indicating that N was the limit factor. In general, C. forrestii enriched beneficial soil microorganisms to improve the nutrient status of the rhizosphere soil, enhanced the absorption and transfer of elements such as Ca, Mn, Na, K, and P in plants, and promoted the ability to resist freezing and radiation. With the advantages of plant height and leaf area, it made up for the defect of low photosynthetic pigment content, thereby improving the interspecific competition ability and fitness of C. forrestii in the alpine environment, but intraspecific competition was intensified, which resulted in uniform distribution of plant clusters. It was speculated that the intense intraspecific competition was one of the reasons for the limited distribution of C. forrestii. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Measuring Productivity and Relative Efficiency of Public Tertiary Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals in Hubei, China.

Improving the productivity and relative efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals is pivotal for hospital managers and policymakers to optimize the utilization of TCM resources in China. This study aimed to measure the productivity and relative efficiency of public tertiary TCM hospitals in Hubei Province. The input and output indicators data were extracted from the Health Commission of Hubei Province (HCHP) from 2019 to 2021. The Bootstrap-Malmquist-DEA model was employed to measure the productivity and relative efficiency of the hospitals. The statistical significance was set at P < .05. The numbers of total diagnostic patients and discharged patients declined by 23.44% and 28.34% from 2019 to 2020, and then increased by 25.76% and 20.44% respectively from 2020 to 2021. The average bias-corrected technical efficiency (TE) scores of the TCM hospitals from 2019 to 2021 were 0.8391, 0.8048, and 0.8559, indicating good efficiency. The average total factor productivity (TFP) in 2020 and 2021 decreased compared to that in 2019, with scores of 0.7479 and 0.8996, respectively. Between 2019 and 2020, the TFP changes among 19 out of 21 (90.48%) TCM hospitals and the technological changes (TC) among 20 out of 21 (95.24%) were less than 1.0000 (P < .05). The TFP changes of 17 out of 21 (80.95%) TCM hospitals and the TC of 20 out of 21 (95.24%) were less than 1.0000 (P < .05) between 2019 and 2021. COVID-19 might have constrained the provision of healthcare services by the public tertiary TCM hospitals in Hubei Province. Priority should be given to the utilization of healthcare resources, performance evaluation, information system strengthening, and internal hospital management to boost technical efficiency. TCM hospitals need to focus further on technology innovation to improve their technological progress.

UPLC-Q-Exactive-based rats serum metabolomics for characterization of traditional Chinese medicine Natures and Flavors

Ethnopharmacology relevant“Four Natures and five “Flavors” comes from the high generalization of medicine pharmacological rules from clinical practice by ancients. “Flavor” and “Natures”are both descriptions of the effect properties of traditional Chinese medicine. At present, researchers have realized that the “Flavors” (Pungent, Sour, Sweet, Bitter and Salty) are related to the different pharmacological effects of treatment. The “Natures” (Warm, Hot, Cold and Cool) are closely related to energy and substance metabolism and contribute to the effect of the “Flavors”. Since “Four Natures and five Flavors” are the rules derived from clinical practice, how to describe and characterize “Natures” and “Flavors” scientifically is still a problem that needs to be solved. Aim of the studythe aim is to objectively further understand the scientific connotations of properties (“Flavors”and “Natures”) from the perspective of metabolomics and characterize them by metabolites. Materials and method“Pungent-Neutral”, “Sweet-Neutral and “Bitter-Neutral” TCMs were selected to characterize the “Flavors” (Pungent, Sweet and Bitter). “Pungent-Warm” and “Bitter-Cold” were selected to characterize the “Natures” (Warm and Cold). The rat serum metabolomics was performed on UHPLC-Q-Exactive. Metabolites were identified through the metabolites databases and related literature. ResultsThe “Flavors” and “Natures” metabolites were identified, respectively, including four “Pungent”, four “Sweet” and thirteen “Bitter” characterized metabolites and thirteen “Cold” and sixteen “Warm”related metabolites. ConclusionsThe “Natures” characterized metabolites show the “Natures” are closely related to lipid and energy metabolism. The “Warm” may promote lipid metabolism to produce ATP to generate energy through bile acid metabolism and purine metabolism. The “Cold” may inhibit lipid metabolism to generate ATP to decrease energy through the way of tryptophan metabolism and purine metabolism. The “Flavors” characteristic metabolites can provide a theoretical basis for the rules of the “Flavors”. These metabolites can also be used to characterize TCM's “Natures” and “Flavors” in the development of traditional Chinese medicine resources and quality control.

[Investigation and analysis of imported medicinal materials at Chinese border ports].

Imported medicinal materials are an important part of Chinese medicinal resources. To be specific, about 10% of the around 600 commonly used Chinese medicinal materials are from abroad, and the introduction of foreign medicinal materials has promoted the development of Chinese medicine. Amid the advancement of reform and opening up and the "Belt and Road" Initiative, major headway has been made in the cross-border trade in China, bringing opportunities for the import of medicinal materials from border ports. However, for a long time, there is a lack of systematic investigation on the types of exotic medicinal materials at border ports. In the fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, together with several organizations, investigated the nearly 40 border ports, Chinese medicinal material markets, and border trade markets in 6 provinces/autonomous regions in China for the first time and recorded the types, sources, circulation, and the transaction characteristics of imported medicinal materials. Moreover, they invited experts to identify the origins of the collected 237 medicinal materials. In addition, the status quo and the problems of the medicinal materials were summarized. This study is expected to lay a basis for clarifying the market and origins of imported medicinal materials as well as the scientific research on and supervision of them.